mniꯃꯦꯏ ꯊꯥꯏ꯫

ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯇꯔ ꯐꯤꯜꯇꯔ ꯀꯥꯔꯠꯔꯤꯖ- ꯂꯝꯕꯤ-ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯊꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯜꯇꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫

Jan 30, 2026

ꯄꯥꯎꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯎ

ꯋꯥꯇꯔ ꯐꯤꯜꯇꯔ ꯀꯥꯔꯗ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ: ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯊꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯇꯦꯛꯇ ꯀꯥꯌꯗꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯜꯇꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫

ꯁꯦꯡꯂꯕꯥ, ꯁꯥꯐꯕꯥ ꯊꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯪꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯉꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ-ꯀꯟꯁꯤꯌꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯟꯅꯥꯏ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯌꯨꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯂꯣꯟ-ꯏꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯊꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯥꯏꯑꯦꯟꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯇꯔ ꯐꯤꯜꯠꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌ ꯄꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏ: ꯐꯤꯜꯇꯔ ꯀꯥꯔꯠꯔꯤꯖ꯫ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯨꯡꯗꯣꯛꯠꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯥꯑꯣꯒꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯔꯦꯟꯇꯤ ꯄꯤꯕꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ, ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ-ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ, ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯜꯇꯔ ꯀꯥꯔꯗ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯅꯦꯟꯁꯀꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯕꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯔꯣꯅꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯅꯦꯒꯦꯇꯤꯚ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯂꯣꯡ-ꯂꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡ ꯐꯤꯜꯇꯔ ꯀꯥꯔꯠꯔꯤꯖꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ꯫

ꯋꯥꯇꯔ ꯐꯤꯜꯇꯔ ꯀꯥꯔꯠꯔꯤꯖ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯜꯇ, ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯤꯟ, ꯄꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯁꯥꯏꯗ, ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄꯦꯊꯣꯖꯦꯅꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯤꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯔꯕ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯔꯨꯕꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯁꯤꯡꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯏ-ꯑꯉꯥꯝ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯅꯤ꯫ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯒꯨꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ, ꯁꯣꯐꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯀꯦꯠ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯥ ꯱꯲ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯀꯥꯔꯠꯔꯤꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯥ ꯲-꯳ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯒꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ:

ꯃꯃꯜ-ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕꯅꯦꯁ: ꯆꯍꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯗꯤꯡ ꯍꯟꯊꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤ꯫

ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕꯥ: ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯣꯗꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯈꯔꯈꯛꯇꯅꯥ ꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫

ꯑꯦꯅꯚꯥꯏꯔꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯁꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ: ꯁꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯄꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯛ ꯋꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ: ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯔꯤꯌꯔ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯗꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣ ꯔꯦꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯂꯣꯡ-ꯂꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡ ꯐꯤꯜꯇꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯟꯗꯥꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯜ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯃꯜꯇꯤ-ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖ ꯐꯤꯜꯠꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ-ꯂꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡ ꯀꯥꯔꯠꯔꯤꯖꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯨꯡꯗꯣꯛꯠꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯥꯑꯣ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯠꯊꯣꯛꯂꯒꯥ ꯁꯔꯚꯤꯁ ꯂꯥꯏꯐ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

꯱.ꯁꯨꯄꯔꯤꯌꯔ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯖꯤꯠ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯨꯂꯔ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯅꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯕꯥ, ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯗꯁꯣꯔꯕ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯦꯅꯦꯂꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯛꯇꯀꯤ ꯒꯔꯦꯟꯇꯤ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫

ꯁꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯛ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ: ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯄꯣꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯖꯔꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯗꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯑꯂꯠꯔꯥꯐꯤꯜꯠꯔꯦꯁꯟ (UF) ꯃꯦꯝꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯁꯤꯡ: ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯟ ꯰.꯰꯱ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯔ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯂꯣ ꯐꯥꯏꯕꯔ ꯃꯦꯝꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯊꯥ ꯱꯲ꯗꯒꯤ ꯲꯴ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯤꯡ ꯂꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯦꯛꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ, ꯚꯥꯏꯔꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯏꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫

2. ꯃꯜꯇꯤꯄꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫

ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯑꯦꯗꯁꯣꯔꯁꯟ, ꯄꯣꯁ꯭ꯠ-ꯐꯤꯜꯇꯔ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯅꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯗꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤ-ꯐꯤꯜꯠꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯥꯔꯠꯔꯤꯖ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯅꯁꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯉꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯡ-ꯊꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯣꯂꯨꯁꯟ ꯂꯣꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯟꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯳

ꯐꯤꯜꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯕꯦꯛꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯄꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯅꯕꯥ, ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯠꯔꯤꯖꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯨꯄꯥꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯕꯦꯛꯇꯦꯔꯤꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯏ꯫

꯴.ꯍꯥꯏ ꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯤꯇꯦꯗ ꯁꯦꯗꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯐꯤꯜꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ​​ꯑꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯍꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯗꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯛꯌꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯣꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯝꯃꯔꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯍꯣꯜ-ꯍꯥꯎꯁ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫

ꯋꯥꯇꯔ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ꯫

ꯇꯦꯛꯇ ꯀꯥꯌꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯐꯤꯜꯠꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ:

-ꯁꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯐꯤꯜꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ: ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ꯫

ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯇꯔꯇꯣꯞ ꯄꯤꯆꯔ ꯐꯤꯜꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ: ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ-ꯂꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯠꯔꯤꯖꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯐꯤꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯍꯣꯜ ꯍꯥꯎꯁ ꯐꯤꯜꯇꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ: ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ-ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯠꯔꯤꯖꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯥꯏꯑꯦꯟꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯝꯕꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯗꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯀꯝꯃꯔꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ/ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ: ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤ, ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯂꯨꯁꯟ ꯂꯣꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣ ꯔꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯗꯜ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ-ꯂꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡ ꯀꯥꯔꯠꯔꯤꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯒꯗꯒꯦ꯫

ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ:

1. ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ: ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ, ꯁꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡ (NSF/ANSI 42, 53, 401ꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ) ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫

2. ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯇꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ: ꯀꯥꯔꯠꯔꯤꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯐꯤꯜꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯗ, ꯁꯤꯔꯤꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯤꯇꯤꯡ ꯁꯥꯏꯖꯒꯥ ꯆꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯐꯥꯏ ꯇꯧ꯫

3. ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯟ: ꯁꯔꯚꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯊꯥ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯒꯦꯂꯟ/ ꯂꯤꯇꯔ ꯔꯦꯇꯤꯡ (ꯒꯦꯂꯟ 1,000–3,000ꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ) ꯑꯗꯨꯁꯨ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯇꯧ꯫

4. ꯁꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯇꯁꯤꯡ: ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ, NSF, WQA, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ EPAꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯀꯥꯏ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯖꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯇꯤꯐꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯠꯔꯤꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ꯫

꯵.ꯌꯨꯖꯔ ꯔꯤꯚꯤꯌꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯗ ꯔꯦꯄꯨꯇꯦꯁꯟ: ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯗꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯇꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯔ ꯁꯔꯕꯤꯁ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫

ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯂꯥꯏꯐ ꯁꯥꯡꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯀꯤꯄꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ꯫

ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯨ꯫ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯗꯥ ꯅꯣꯇꯤꯁ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯖꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔꯒꯤ ꯒꯥꯏꯗꯂꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯉꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯀꯗꯕꯅꯤ: ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯖꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯉꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯀꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤ-ꯐꯤꯜꯇꯔ ꯁꯦꯗꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇ: ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯗꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤ-ꯐꯤꯜꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯗꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯂꯃꯗꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯗꯀꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯁꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫

ꯑꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯌꯨ: ꯀꯥꯔꯗꯀꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯏꯪꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯛꯇꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯅꯤ; ꯑꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯗꯤꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯇꯦꯛꯇ ꯀꯥꯌꯗꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯜꯇꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯃꯊꯪꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯔꯣꯂꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯜꯇꯔ ꯀꯥꯔꯠꯔꯤꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯃꯥꯔꯠ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯁꯇꯥ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯂꯤ:

ꯁ꯭ꯃꯥꯔꯠ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯀꯦꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ: ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯠ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯊꯤꯡꯁ-ꯏꯅꯦꯕꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯟꯁꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯄꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯟꯖꯨꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯪꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯦꯕꯜ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ: ꯔꯣꯕꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯇꯥ ꯑꯀꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯗꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯣꯠꯄꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯇꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯀꯗꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯠꯔꯤꯖꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ: ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯂꯨꯁꯟ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯐꯤꯟ-ꯗꯥ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯜꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯝꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫

ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯜꯂꯀꯄꯗꯥ꯫

ꯇꯦꯛꯇ ꯀꯥꯌꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯇꯔ ꯐꯤꯜꯇꯔ ꯀꯥꯔꯠꯔꯤꯖ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯞ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯊꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯍꯅꯕꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯐꯣꯔꯗꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯃꯦꯛꯁꯤꯃꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯕꯗꯥ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯦꯖꯨꯀꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯤꯜꯠꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕꯅꯦꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯄꯦꯟꯗꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯠꯔꯤꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯅꯣꯕꯦꯁꯟ ꯃꯥꯡꯂꯣꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯪꯁꯤꯜꯂꯀꯄꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯂꯛꯀꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯨꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯨꯃꯊꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯂꯣꯟ-ꯏꯇꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯕꯃꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯍꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯏꯅꯛꯕꯥꯔꯤ ꯊꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ
ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯨꯞꯅꯒꯤ, ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫
ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯜꯇꯔ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯅꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯪꯂꯥꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ꯫
ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯥ ꯄꯥꯎ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫